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Table 3 Pre- and post-intervention quality of life, quality of relationship, psychological distress, and subjective burden for patients at phases 1 and 2

From: Giving and receiving thanks: a mixed methods pilot study of a gratitude intervention for palliative patients and their carers

Patients

Median and interquartile range T0

Median and interquartile range T1

Statistical test—Z Wilcoxon

P-value

Phase 1 (n = 11)

 Quality of life (MQOL-R)

  Global (0–10)

7 (5–9)

7 (5–9)

-.427

.669

  Physical (0–10)

5.7 (3.3–6.3)

5,7 (4–7)

-1.279

.201

  Psychological (0–10)

6.5 (5.3–8.3)

5.3 (4.3–8.8)

-.714

.475

  Existential (0–10)

7.5 (6.5–8.8)

7 (6.3–7.8)

-.666

.505

  Relational (0–10)

9.7 (8.3–10)

8.7 (8.7–9.7)

-1.719

.086

  Total score (0–10)

7.1 (6.2–8)

6.4 (5.8–7.2)

-.978

.328

 Quality of relationship (PNRQ)

  Positive scale (0–48)

43 (39–47)

42.8 (38–47)

-.634

.526

  Negative scale (0–48)

0 (0–1)

0 (0–2)

-.447

.655

Quality of relationship (CSI-4; 0–21)

21 (18–21)

20 (18–21)

-1.414

.157

 Psychological distress (HADS)

  Depression (0–21)

7 (6–11)

6 (4–10)

-.655

.512

  Anxiety (0–21)

6 (4–11)

7 (5–10)

-.104

.917

  Total score (0–42)

14 (9–18)

15 (8–20)

-.535

.592

Subjective burden (SPBS; 0–50)

25 (21–32)

27 (24–32)

-1.179

.238

Phase 2 (n = 12)

 Grateful relationship (0–5)

5 (5–5)

5 (5–5)

.000

1.000

 Satisfactory relationship (0–5)

5 (5–5)

5 (5–5)

-1.000

.317

 Quality of life (0–10)

7 (4.3–9.5)

6 (4–10)

-.171

.865

 Grateful feeling (1–5)

5 (4–5)

5 (4–5)

-.378

.705

 Depression (0–10)

.5 (0–4.8)

0 (0–5)

-.816

.414

 Anxiety (0–10)

3.5 (0–5.75)

1 (0–6)

-.271

.786

 Subjective burden (0–10)

6 (0–8)

3 (0–5)

-.775

.438