Table 1 Descriptive statistics and between-group comparisons of the demographic and clinical characteristics

Age (years)

140

100

120

100

54

111

62.8

60.1

59.4

59.7

65.6

61.3

11.2

6.2

11.7

13.3

10.0

14.3

Group (0.021): ALS > HC, Country (0.007): SE > PL, DE > PL

Education (years)

140

99

111

100

47

111

13.2

12.8

13.9

13.8

12.1

13.8

3.0

2.8

3.8

3.1

3.0

2.8

Country (0.005): PL > DE, Interaction (0.005): SE: HC > ALS

QoL: ACSA

138

100

117

100

51

111

-0.3

1.5

-0.2

1.2

0.2

2.6

2.6

1.6

2.6

1.7

2.7

1.6

Group (< 0.001): Contr > ALS; Country (< 0.001): SE > PL, SE > DE

QoL: SEIQoL-DW

132

96

115

100

50

110

72.5

74.1

65.9

72.5

75.4

79.0

16.0

11.3

18.6

15.0

18.3

10.8

Group (0.002): Contr > HC; Country (< 0.001): SE > DE > PL

Pain frequency

126

100

102

100

24

111

3.3

2.9

3.4

3.7

3.6

2.9

2.2

1.6

2.3

1.7

2.4

2.2

Country (0.043): PL > DE, PL > SE

Pain intensity

125

100

102

100

19

111

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.6

2.1

1.3

1.1

1.3

0.8

1.3

1.3

Interaction (0.020): in PL HC > ALS

ADI-12

137

100

110

100

54

111

24.7

18.5

25.2

23.9

21.4

16.4

6.6

4.6

5.1

4.8

6.1

3.9

Group (< 0.001): ALS > HC; Country(< 0.001): PL > DE > SE; Interaction (< 0.001): in SE: ALS > HC, in DE: ALS > HC

N (total)

N (males)

% (males)

Country x Group Logistic regression

Sex

140

100

120

100

54

111

66

52

55

50

30

71

47.1

52.0

45.8

50.0

55.6

64.0

no significant effects