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Table 1 Propensity Score Matching Method 1 (NNM): n = 2479 each (Precovid, Covid)

From: Comparing quality indicator rates for home care clients receiving palliative and end-of-life care before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

QI Description

Pre-COVID

Cohort (%)

n = 2479

COVID Cohort (%)

n = 2479

Statistical Analysis of Difference

Χ2

(z)a

QI Diff

(95% CI)b

Χ2(z)

p-valueb

OR

(p-value)

(95% CI)c

Effect Sized

Prevalence of severe or excruciating daily pain

16.70

14.40

4.98

(2.23)

-0.02

(-0.005, -0.08)

0.03

0.86

(0.03)

(0.76, 0.98)

-0.08

Prevalence of severe or excruciating pain that is not controlled by therapeutic regimen

6.75

5.81

1.87

(1.37)

-0.009

(-0.10, 0.02)

0.17

0.86

(0.17)

(0.69, 1.07)

-0.08

Prevalence of emergency department visits

20.40

18.26

3.51

(1.87)

-0.02

(-0.07, 0.002)

0.06

0.90

(0.06)

(0.80, 1.01)

-0.06

Prevalence of hospital admissions

24.89

22.71

3.23

(1.80)

-0.02

(-0.06, 0.003)

0.07

0.91

(0.07)

(0.83, 1.01)

-0.05

Prevalence of falls

24.06

23.00

0.73

(0.85)

-0.01

(-0.05, 0.02)

0.39

0.96

(0.39)

(0.86, 1.06)

-0.02

Prevalence of constipation

18.15

16.42

2.61

(1.62)

-0.02

(-0.07, 0.007)

0.11

0.90

(0.11)

(0.80, 1.02)

-0.06

Prevalence of shortness of breath at rest

15.21

15.89

0.44

(0.66)

0.007

(-0.03, 0.05)

0.51

1.05

(0.51)

(0.92, 1.19)

0.03

Prevalence of shortness of breath when performing moderate/normal day-to-day activities

49.50

51.27

1.56

(1.25)

0.02

(-0.01, 0.05)

0.21

1.04

(0.21)

(0.98, 1.09)

0.02

Prevalence of caregiver distress

24.10

21.36

5.26

(2.29)

-0.03

(-0.005, -0.07)

0.02

0.89

(0.02)

(0.80, 0.98)

-0.06

Prevalence of negative mood

8.43

6.21

8.99

(3.00)

-0.02

(-0.03, -0.14)

0.003

0.74

(0.003)

(0.60, 0.90)

-0.17

Prevalence of no advance directives

44.90

46.43

1.17

(1.08)

0.02

(-0.01, 0.04)

0.28

1.03

(0.28)

(0.97, 1.10)

0.02

Prevalence of ulcers

12.53

11.74

0.71

(0.84)

-0.008

(-0.06, 0.03)

0.40

0.94

(0.40)

(0.81, 1.09)

-0.03

Prevalence of a delirium-like syndrome

5.17

3.32

10.43

(3.23)

-0.02

(-0.04, -0.18)

0.001

0.64

(0.001)

(0.49, 0.84)

-0.25

Prevalence of nausea or vomiting

19.65

17.43

4.04

(2.01)

-0.02

(-0.0003,

-0.07)

0.04

0.89

(0.04)

(0.79, 1.00)

-0.06

Prevalence of fatigue

40.74

41.51

0.30

(0.55)

0.008

(-0.02, 0.04)

0.58

1.02

(0.58)

(0.95, 1.09)

0.01

Prevalence of sleep problems

35.74

35.26

0.13

(0.36)

-0.005

(-0.03, 0.02)

0.72

0.99

(0.72)

(0.92, 1.06)

-0.01

  1. a z2 = χ2, used frequencies from 2 × 2 table obtained using proportions, χ2 obtained from R (see note b):
  2. b QI Diff = COVID-Pre-COVID, 95% obtained from R [res<-prop.test(x = c(407, 2072), n = c(857, 4101)) c OR stats from online calc: https://www.medcalc.org/calc/relative_risk.php
  3. dd = LogOddsRatio x (√3/π) = Ln(OR) x 0.551328
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