Table 3 Measurement tools of bereavement
Tool | Purpose | Scale items | Content subscales | Response format | Used in the included studies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors | Timing after death | |||||
Chinese variation of the Inventory of Complicated Grief | Detect complicated grief | 19 | No subscales Content: frequency of emotional, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms, E.g., anger over the death, avoidance of reminders of the deceased [54] | 5-point Likert | Chiu et al., 2010 [50] | 6–14 months Average: 8.9 months |
| Â | Chiu et al., 2011 [51] | 6-14.2 months Average: 9.1 months | ||||
Chinese version of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief | Assess reactions and levels of grief | 26 | 3 subscales: 1) Past behaviours 2) Present feelings 3) An assortment of facts related to death | 5-point Likert, True or false | Hsieh et al., 2007 [49] | 1 month |
21 | 2 subscales: 1) Past behaviours 2) Present feelings | 5-point Likert | Shen et al., 2018 [53] | 3 days and 1 month | ||
Prolonged Grief-13 | Diagnose prolonged grief | Not applicable | No subscales The criteria include: 1) Experience of yearning 2) At least five of nine symptoms of functional impairment are caused by the death: E.g., feeling emotionally numb, stunned, that life is meaningless 3) Symptoms present more than at least six months after the death | Not applicable | Tsai et al., 2016 [52] | 6, 13, 18, and 24 months |
Chinese Perinatal Grief Scale | Assess grief during bereavement | 33 | 3 subscales: 1) Active grief 2) Difficulty coping 3) Despair | 5-point Likert | Liu and Lai, 2006 [48] | Approximately 2 months |