Table 4 Protective and risk factors of bereavement outcomes
Protective factors | |
Family members related | • Personal medical disease history [50] • Religious belief [51] • Education [51] • Reporting higher subjective caregiving burden just before patient death [52] |
Patients related | |
Social related | • Higher income [51] • Good family support [51] |
Risk factors | |
Family members related | • Older age [51] • Educational level [49] • No religious belief [50] • Suffering their own medical disease [51] • Having a history of mood co-morbidity [50] • Suffering severe depressive symptoms before the death [52] • Good or very good intimacy relationship with patients [53] • The perception that the patient had unfinished business [49] • Perceived a more difficult dying process and death [52] • Less prepared for death [52] |
Patients related | • Younger age [53] • Receiving palliative sedation therapy [53] |
Other | • Spouse or parents-children relationship [50, 51] • Unavailable family support [50] |