Table 2 Participant characteristics between first CKD 4 visit and first dialysis

Time between first CKD 4 visit and first dialysis (months), median (IQR)

22.3 (10.5–39.5)

24.6 (13.6–47.5)

21.2 (9.3–37.3)

0.19

Number of visits between first CKD 4 visit and first dialysis, median (IQR)

12 (6–20)

14 (8–22)

10 (4–17)

0.005

Number of visits per year between first CKD 4 visit and first dialysis, median (IQR)

6.6 (4.6–10.3)

7.2 (4.9–11.1)

6.0 (4.3–9.1)

0.14

Dialysis was addressed, n (%)

174 (99.4)

80 (100.0)

94 (99.0)

1.00

Number of times dialysis documented in clinic notes, median (IQR)

7 (4–11)

9 (5–14)

6 (4–10)

0.016

Prognosis was addressed, n (%)

54 (33.1)

26 (34.2)

28 (32.2)

0.78

Interpreter present, n (%)

61 (35.9)

50 (67.7)

11 (11.6)

 < 0.0001

Professional interpreter, n (%)

47 (26.1)

42 (51.2)

5 (5.1)

 < 0.0001

Family member, n (%)

28 (15.6)

22 (26.8)

6 (6.1)

 < 0.0001

Family member was present at visit, n (%)

98 (56.0)

60 (75.0)

38 (40.0)

 < 0.0001

Participants with understanding of treatment documented in electronic health record, n (%)

43 (30.9)

25 (38.5)

18 (24.3)

0.07

Alternative to dialysis treatment addressed in visit, n (%)

93 (53.8)

39 (49.4)

54 (57.5)

0.29

Transplant, n (%)

75 (41.7)

27 (32.9)

48 (49.0)

0.03

Conservative care, n (%)

16 (8.9)

8 (9.8)

8 (8.2)

0.71

Symptom management / palliative care / end-of-life care, n (%)

10 (5.6)

6 (7.3)

4 (4.1)

0.35

Any conversations between provider and proxy/family, n (%)

23 (14.8)

16 (23.9)

7 (8.0)

0.006

Dialysis as a bridge to transplant noted, n (%)

35 (24.3)

12 (17.1)

23 (31.1)

0.05