Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

General criteria:

- Being 18 years of age or older

Specific criteria:

Patient:

- Diagnosed with life-threatening or life-limiting disease

Receiving home care from a healthcare facility

Family:

- Being the spouse, child, parent, or relative responsible for the patient’s care

- Already providing care for the patient for at least one month

- Living with the patient or providing daily care to the patient

Healthcare workers:

- General practitioner, specialist, nurse, midwife, or other healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with life-threatening or life-limiting diseases

Institutional representative:

- Regional office of the national health insurance (BPJS) organization, regional health department, and a health philanthropic organization

Exclusion criteria

For in-depth interviews:

- Experiencing difficulty in comprehending and communicating clearly

For in-depth interviews and observations:

- Patients with clinically unstable conditions