Table 6 T-test results comparing Kinaesthetics competence (KCSE total and subscores) and pain in the lower back, neck and shoulder

Total score

12.0

1.63

11.38

1.41

2.49 (148)

0.014

Attitude

3.42

0.40

3.37

0.44

0.80 (148)

0.425

Dynamic state

2.99

0.41

2.85

0.39

2.20 (148)

0.029

Knowledge

2.75

0.65

2.52

0.52

2.40 (148)

0.018

Skills

2.84

0.53

2.65

0.46

2.35 (148)

0.020

No neck pain (n = 92)

Neck pain (n = 57)

M

SD

M

SD

t (df)

p

Total score

11.96

1.59

11.20

1.39

2.98 (147)

0.003

Attitude

3.41

0.41

3.38

0.43

0.45 (147)

0.653

Dynamic state

3.0

0.40

2.79

0.37

3.17 (147)

0.002

Knowledge

2.74

0.62

2.44

0.54

3.02 (147)

0.003

Skills

2.82

0.54

2.60

0.42

2.81 (147)

0.006

No shoulder pain (n = 105)

Shoulder pain (n = 42)

M

SD

M

SD

t (df)

p

Total score

11.85

1.58

11.27

1.44

2.04 (145)

0.043

Attitude

3.43

0.38

3.31

0.51

1.53 (145)

0.129

Dynamic state

2.97

0.41

2.79

0.35

2.48 (145)

0.014

Knowledge

2.66

0.62

2.54

0.56

1.06 (145)

0.291

Skills

2.79

0.53

2.63

0.44

1.76 (145)

0.080